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Kanno, Ryutaro*; Nunami, Masanori*; Satake, Shinsuke*; Matsuoka, Seikichi; Takamaru, Hisanori*
Nuclear Fusion, 58(1), p.016033_1 - 016033_7, 2018/01
Times Cited Count：0 Percentile：0.01(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)The electron heat transport in a torus plasma which involves a radially-bounded ergodic region, where flux surfaces are partially destroyed by perturbative magnetic fields, is studied. In this paper, we have demonstrated that the radial heat conduction by the particles' parallel motion is reduced by trapped particles.
Mantica, P.*; Bourdelle, C.*; Camenen, Y.*; Dejarnac, R.*; Evans, T. E.*; G
rler, T.*; Hillesheim, J.*; Idomura, Yasuhiro; Jakubowski, M.*; Ricci, P.*; et al.
Nuclear Fusion, 57(8), p.087001_1 - 087001_19, 2017/08
Times Cited Count：6 Percentile：32.52(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)This conference report summarizes the contributions to, and discussions at, the 21st Joint EU-US Transport Task Force Workshop, held in Leysin, Switzerland, during 5-8 September 2016. The workshop was organized under 8 topics: progress towards full-F kinetic turbulence simulation; high and low Z impurity transport, control and effects on plasma confinement; 3D effects on core and edge transport (including MHD, external fields and stellarators); predictive experimental design; electron heat transport and multi-scale integration; understanding power decay length in the Scrape-Off Layer (SOL); role of the SOL in the L-H transition; validation of fundamental turbulence properties against turbulence measurements.
Kondo, Hiroo; Kanemura, Takuji*; Furukawa, Tomohiro; Hirakawa, Yasushi; Wakai, Eiichi; Knaster, J.*
Nuclear Fusion, 57(6), p.066008_1 - 066008_10, 2017/07
Times Cited Count：15 Percentile：65.83(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)A liquid-Li free-surface stream flowing at 15 m/s under a high vacuum of 10
Pa is to serve as a beam target (Li target) for the planned International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility (IFMIF) or other intense fusion neutron sources. We determined that the stability of the Li target remained unchanged despite using it for an extended period of 1,561 h. This finding is regarded as a significant step toward the realization of the IFMIF and the potential use of relevant neutron sources such as A-FNS and DONES.
Marian, J.*; Becquart, C. S.*; Domain, C.*; Dudarev, S. L.*; Gilbert, M. R.*; Kurtz, R. J.*; Mason, D. R.*; Nordlund, K.*; Sand, A. E.*; Snead, L. L.*; et al.
Nuclear Fusion, 57(9), p.092008_1 - 092008_26, 2017/06
Times Cited Count：104 Percentile：99.25(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)Under the anticipated operating conditions for demonstration magnetic fusion reactors beyond ITER, structural materials will be exposed to unprecedented conditions of irradiation, heat flux, and temperature. While such extreme environments remain inaccessible experimentally, computational modeling and simulation can provide qualitative and quantitative insights into materials response and complement the available experimental measurements. For plasma facing components such as the first wall and the divertor, tungsten (W) has been selected as the best candidate material due to its superior high-temperature and irradiation properties. In this paper we provide a review of recent efforts in computational modeling of W both as a plasma-facing material as well as a bulk structural material subjected to fast neutron irradiation. We highlight several of the most salient findings obtained via computational modeling and point out a number of remaining future challenges.
Maeyama, Shinya*; Watanabe, Tomohiko*; Idomura, Yasuhiro; Nakata, Motoki*; Ishizawa, Akihiro*; Nunami, Masanori*
Nuclear Fusion, 57(6), p.066036_1 - 066036_10, 2017/05
Times Cited Count：15 Percentile：65.83(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)Multi-scale plasma turbulence including electron and ion temperature gradient (ETG/ITG) modes has been investigated by means of electromagnetic gyrokinetic simulations. Triad transfer analyses on nonlinear mode coupling reveal cross-scale interactions between electron and ion scales. One of the interactions is suppression of electron-scale turbulence by ion- scale turbulence, where ITG-driven short-wavelength eddies act like shear flows and suppress ETG turbulence. Another cross-scale interaction is enhancement of ion-scale turbulence in the presence of electron-scale turbulence. This is caused via short-wavelength zonal flows, which are created by the response of passing kinetic electrons in ITG turbulence, suppress ITG turbulence by their shearing, and are damped by ETG turbulence. In both cases, sub-ion-scale structures between electron and ion scales play important roles in the cross-scale interactions.
Urano, Hajime; Aiba, Nobuyuki; Kamiya, Kensaku; Kamada, Yutaka; JT-60 Team
Nuclear Fusion, 56(1), p.016005_1 - 016005_8, 2016/01
Times Cited Count：7 Percentile：37.31(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)Dependence of pedestal structure on collisionality at fixed beta has been investigated in JT-60U. In the ITER-relevant low collisionality regime, the pedestal width does not change with edge collisionality. In the high collisionality regime, the pedestal width broadens with increased edge collisionality. The pedestal pressure gradient and width are not significantly changed when the pedestal is close to an intermediate 
peeling-ballooning mode boundary at low collisionality. The experimental result indicates that conventional pedestal models where the pedestal width is independent of collisionality and is determined by 
at the pedestal is not a bad assumption in the ITER-relevant low collisionality regime. On the other hand, the pressure gradient decreases and the pedestal width increases at high collisionality. The pedestal broadening becomes significant when the pedestal is marginal to be unstable at high ballooning mode in high collisionality regime.
Nakamura, Makoto; Tobita, Kenji; Someya, Yoji; Uto, Hiroyasu; Sakamoto, Yoshiteru; Gulden, W.*
Nuclear Fusion, 55(12), p.123008_1 - 123008_7, 2015/12
Times Cited Count：15 Percentile：60.5(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)Major in- and ex-vessel loss-of-coolant accidents (LOCAs) of a water-cooled tokamak fusion DEMO reactor have been analysed. Analyses have identified responses of the DEMO systems to these accidents and pressure loads to confinement barriers for radioactive materials. The thermohydraulic analysis results suggests that the in- and ex-vessel LOCAs crucially threaten integrity of the primary and final confinement barriers, respectively. As for the in-vessel LOCA, it was found that the pressure in the vacuum vessel reaches its design value due to the LOCA even though a pressure suppression system is in service. As for the ex-vessel LOCA, the pressure load to the tokamak hall due to the double-ended break of the primary cooling pipe was found to be so large that integrity of the hall was crucially challenged. Mitigations of the loads to the confinement barriers are also discussed.
Koide, Yoshihiko; Yoshida, Kiyoshi; Wanner, M.*; Barabaschi, P.*; Cucchiaro, A.*; Davis, S.*; Decool, P.*; Di Pietro, E.*; Disset, G.*; Genini, L.*; et al.
Nuclear Fusion, 55(8), p.086001_1 - 086001_7, 2015/08
Times Cited Count：31 Percentile：83.35(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)The most distinctive feature of the superconducting magnet system for JT-60SA is the optimized coil structure in terms of the space utilization as well as the highly accurate coil manufacturing, thus meeting the requirements for the steady-state tokamak research: A conceptually new outer inter-coil structure separated from the casing is introduced to the toroidal field coils to realize their slender shape, allowing large-bore diagnostic ports for detailed plasma measurements. A method to minimize the manufacturing error of the equilibrium-field coils has been established, aiming at the precise plasma shape/position control. A compact butt-joint has been successfully developed for the Central Solenoid, which allows an optimized utilization of the limited space for the Central Solenoid to extend the duration of the plasma pulse.
Knaster, J.*; Ibarra, A.*; Ida, Mizuho*; Kondo, Keitaro; Kikuchi, Takayuki; Ohira, Shigeru; Sugimoto, Masayoshi; Wakai, Eiichi; Watanabe, Kazuhito; 58 of others*
Nuclear Fusion, 55(8), p.086003_1 - 086003_30, 2015/08
Times Cited Count：60 Percentile：95.24(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)The International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility (IFMIF), presently in its Engineering Validation and Engineering Design Activities (EVEDA) phase under the frame of the Broader Approach Agreement between Europe and Japan, has accomplished in summer 2013, on schedule, its EDA phase with the release of the engineering design report of the IFMIF plant, which is here described. Many improvements of the design from former phases are implemented, particularly a reduction of beam losses and operational costs thanks to the superconducting accelerator concept. In the Test Cell design, the separation of the irradiation modules from the shielding block gaining irradiation flexibility and enhancement of the remote handling equipment reliability and cost reduction. The released IFMIF Intermediate Engineering Design Report, which could be complemented if required concurrently with the outcome of the on-going EVA carried out since the entry into force of IFMIF/EVEDA in June 2007, will allow the decision making on its construction and/or serve as the basis for the definition of the next step, aligned with the evolving needs of our fusion community.
Yoshida, Maiko; Honda, Mitsuru; Narita, Emi*; Hayashi, Nobuhiko; Urano, Hajime; Nakata, Motoki; Miyato, Naoaki; Takenaga, Hidenobu; Ide, Shunsuke; Kamada, Yutaka
Nuclear Fusion, 55(7), p.073014_1 - 073014_9, 2015/07
Times Cited Count：14 Percentile：57.79(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)Conditions without the increases in the thermal and particle transport with ECH have been experimentally investigated in positive magnetic shear (PS), weak magnetic shear (WS) and reversed magnetic shear (RS) plasmas with internal transport barriers (ITBs) on JT-60U. The ion heat diffusivity around an internal transport barrier in the ion temperature (
-ITB) remains constant with ECH when a large negative toroidal rotation shear is formed before the ECH. The condition does not depend on the electron to ion temperature ratio (
/) and ECH power. The electron heat diffusivity around a -ITB stays constant with ECH when the magnetic shear is negative around the Te-ITB region. Effective particle transport remains constant or reduces during ECH under the condition of negative magnetic shear.
Honda, Mitsuru; Satake, Shinsuke*; Suzuki, Yasuhiro*; Yoshida, Maiko; Hayashi, Nobuhiko; Kamiya, Kensaku; Matsuyama, Akinobu; Shinohara, Koji; Matsunaga, Go; Nakata, Motoki; et al.
Nuclear Fusion, 55(7), p.073033_1 - 073033_11, 2015/07
Times Cited Count：7 Percentile：28.43(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)Kobayashi, Takayuki; Moriyama, Shinichi; Yokokura, Kenji; Sawahata, Masayuki; Terakado, Masayuki; Hiranai, Shinichi; Wada, Kenji; Sato, Yoshikatsu; Hinata, Jun; Hoshino, Katsumichi; et al.
Nuclear Fusion, 55(6), p.063008_1 - 063008_8, 2015/06
Times Cited Count：25 Percentile：77.57(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)A gyrotron enabling high-power, long-pulse oscillations at both 110 GHz and 138 GHz has been developed for electron cyclotron heating (ECH) and current drive (CD) in JT-60SA. Oscillations of 1 MW for 100 s have been demonstrated at both frequencies, for the first time as a gyrotron operating at two frequencies. The optimization of the anode voltage, or the electron pitch factor, using a triode gun was a key to obtain high power and high efficiency at two frequencies. It was also confirmed that the internal losses in the gyrotron were sufficiently low for expected long pulse operation at the higher power level of 
1.5 MW. Another important result is that an oscillation at 82 GHz, which enables to use fundamental harmonic waves in JT-60SA while the other two frequencies are used as second harmonics waves, was demonstrated up to 0.4 MW for 2 s. These results of the gyrotron development significantly contribute to enhancing operation regime of the ECH/CD system in JT-60SA.
Kojima, Atsushi; Umeda, Naotaka; Hanada, Masaya; Yoshida, Masafumi; Kashiwagi, Mieko; Tobari, Hiroyuki; Watanabe, Kazuhiro; Akino, Noboru; Komata, Masao; Mogaki, Kazuhiko; et al.
Nuclear Fusion, 55(6), p.063006_1 - 063006_9, 2015/06
Times Cited Count：41 Percentile：89.45(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)Significant progresses in the extension of pulse durations of powerful negative ion beams have been made to realize the neutral beam injectors for JT-60SA and ITER. In order to overcome common issues of the long pulse production/acceleration of negative ion beams in JT-60SA and ITER, the new technologies have been developed in the JT-60SA ion source and the MeV accelerator in Japan Atomic Energy Agency. As for the long pulse production of high-current negative ions for JT-60SA ion source, the pulse durations have been successfully increased from 30 s at 13 A on JT-60U to 100 s at 15 A by modifying the JT-60SA ion source, which satisfies the required pulse duration of 100 s and 70% of the rated beam current for JT-60SA. This progress was based on the R&D efforts for the temperature control of the plasma grid and uniform negative ion productions with the modified tent-shaped filter field configuration. Moreover, the each parameter of the required beam energy, current and pulse has been achieved individually by these R&D efforts. The developed techniques are useful to design the ITER ion source because the sustainment of the cesium coverage in large extraction area is one of the common issues between JT-60SA and ITER. As for the long pulse acceleration of high power density beams in the MeV accelerator for ITER, the pulse duration of MeV-class negative ion beams has been extended by more than 2 orders of magnitude by modifying the extraction grid with a high cooling capability and a high-transmission of negative ions. A long pulse acceleration of 60 s has been achieved at 70 MW/m
(683 keV, 100 A/m) which has reached to the power density of JT-60SA level of 65 MW/m.
Tani, Keiji*; Honda, Mitsuru; Oikawa, Toshihiro*; Shinohara, Koji; Kusama, Yoshinori; Sugie, Tatsuo
Nuclear Fusion, 55(5), p.053010_1 - 053010_15, 2015/05
Times Cited Count：3 Percentile：13.75(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)The effects of a radial electric field (EF) on the losses of alpha particles and NBI fast ions in typical ITER operation scenarios for both error fields due to test blanket modules (TBMs) and toroidal field (TF) ripple were evaluated using an iterative method to execute an orbit-following Monte-Carlo code and a one-dimensional transport code. The EF effect on the loss of fast ions strongly depends on the operation scenario as well as on the error field. The electric field is very significant in the loss of fast ions in a 9MA ITER operation scenario with a higher safety factor and in the error field associated with TBMs. The EF effect in the error field of TF-ripple is very small in any operation scenario. The radial electric field changes the toroidal precession of fast ions and consequently alter their condition of resonance with the error field, which may account for the EF effect on the loss of fast ions in ITER with TBMs.
Polevoi, A. R.*; Loarte, A.*; Hayashi, Nobuhiko; Kim, H. S.*; Kim, S. H.*; Koechl, F.*; Kukushkin, A. S.*; Leonov, V. M.*; Medvedev, S. Yu.*; Murakami, Masakatsu*; et al.
Nuclear Fusion, 55(6), p.063019_1 - 063019_8, 2015/05
Times Cited Count：33 Percentile：84.89(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)Cooper, W. A.*; Brunetti, D.*; Faustin, J. M.*; Graves, J. P.*; Pfefferl
, D.*; Raghunathan, M.*; Sauter, O.*; Tran, T. M.*; Chapman, I. T.*; Ham, C. J.*; et al.
Nuclear Fusion, 55(6), p.063032_1 - 063032_8, 2015/05
Times Cited Count：2 Percentile：9.03(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)An approximate model for a single fluid 3D MHD equilibrium with pure isothermal toroidal flow with imposed nested magnetic flux surfaces is proposed. It recovers the rigorous toroidal rotation equilibrium description in the axisymmetric limit. The approximation is valid under conditions of nearly rigid or vanishing toroidal rotation in regions with 3D deformation of the equilibrium flux surfaces. Bifurcated helical core equilibrium simulations of long-lived modes in the MAST device demonstrate that the magnetic structure is only weakly affected by the flow but that the 3D pressure distortion is important. The pressure is displaced away from the major axis and therefore is not as noticeably helically deformed as the toroidal magnetic flux under the subsonic flow conditions. Fast particle confinement is investigated with the VENUS code. In the presence of toroidal flow, the drift orbit equations depend on the electrostatic potential associated with the rotation and quasineutrality at lowest order in Larmor radius. When the equilibrium has 3D deformations, geometrical terms appear from the evaluation of Ohm's Law that considerably complicates the description of fast particle confinement.
Urano, Hajime; Nakata, Motoki; Aiba, Nobuyuki; Kubo, Hirotaka; Honda, Mitsuru; Hayashi, Nobuhiko; Yoshida, Maiko; Kamada, Yutaka; JT-60 Team
Nuclear Fusion, 55(3), p.033010_1 - 033010_9, 2015/03
Times Cited Count：40 Percentile：89.45(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)Physics picture of improving energy confinement with argon seeding at high density has been investigated in JT-60U. Better confinement is sustained at high density by argon seeding accompanied by higher core and pedestal temperatures. Peaked density profiles are kept with argon seeding. Density peaking and dilution effects lower the pedestal density at a given averaged density. The pedestal density in the argon seeded plasmas which is relatively lower than that in a single deuterium puff enables the pedestal temperature to be higher. The density peaking is a key factor of sustaining better confinement in argon seeded H-mode plasmas.
Bierwage, A.; Yun, G. S.*; Choe, G. H.*; Nam, Y.*; Lee, W.*; Park, H. K.*; Bae, Y.-S.*
Nuclear Fusion, 55(1), p.013016_1 - 013016_17, 2015/01
Times Cited Count：4 Percentile：13.75(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)Matsuyama, Akinobu; Yagi, Masatoshi; Kagei, Yasuhiro; Nakajima, Noriyoshi*
Nuclear Fusion, 54(12), p.123007_1 - 123007_14, 2014/12
Times Cited Count：11 Percentile：48.45(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)Shimada, Michiya; Hirooka, Yoshihiko*
Nuclear Fusion, 54(12), p.122002_1 - 122002_7, 2014/12
Times Cited Count：37 Percentile：86.2(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)Tungsten is considered to be the most promising material for divertor in a fusion reactor. Tungsten divertor can withstand the heat loads of ITER, but the heat loads of DEMO divertor is a challenge. Pulsive heat loads as those associated with disruption could melt tungsten targets. The surface would not be flat after subsequent resolidification, which would significantly deteriorate its heat handling capability. Furthermore, DBTT of tungsten is rather high: 400
C, which would become even higher after neutron irradiation, possibly resulting in cracks in tungsten. Our proposal is to use liquid metal for the divertor target material and actively circulate it with 
force. A simplified analysis of mhd equation in a cylindrical geometry suggests that the engineering requirement is modest. This analysis suggests that this new divertor concept merits further investigation.
